Tennyson

Tennyson's poetry is not popular nowadays, but I am a bit of a fan of things Victorian - as well as Tennyson, I like William Morris, the Pre-Raphaelites and Julia Margaret Cameron, but Tennyson is almost the archetypal Victorian with his literary career spanning much of the nineteenth century. So far, so bourgeois! 

Published in Tennyson's Poems, Chiefly Lyrical in 1830 Mariana is not strictly speaking a Victorian poem. For context, in 1830 Coleridge and Wordsworth were still alive but Keats, Shelley and Byron had all flamed into fame and died during the previous decade. Victoria herself wouldn't come to the throne for another seven years, and the other Behemoths of Victorian literature (Dickens, Thackeray, the Brontes) were in the future.  For me there are echoes of Donne's Nocturnal Upon St Lucy's Day  - another poem full of lost love, cold and darkness.

It is often linked to Millais painting of the same name (painted in 1851), which certainly conveys the ennui of Tennyson's Mariana, but I think the feel of the poem is much more like some of the works by Samuel Palmer, like this one held in Tate Britain, an ink and gouache on card made around the same time. The world is monochromatic, darkening, the mood is solitary and wistful.

Samuel Palmer, Landscape Girl Standing, c1826 

©Tate Photo ©Tate CC-BY-NC-ND 3.0 (Unported)

Mariana in the Moated Grange

With blackest moss the flower-plots

Were thickly crusted, one and all:

The rusted nails fell from the knots

That held the pear to the gable-wall.

The broken sheds look'd sad and strange:

Unlifted was the clinking latch;

Weeded and worn the ancient thatch

Upon the lonely moated grange.

She only said, "My life is dreary,

He cometh not," she said;

She said, "I am aweary, aweary,

I would that I were dead!"

Her tears fell with the dews at even;

Her tears fell ere the dews were dried;

She could not look on the sweet heaven,

Either at morn or eventide.

After the flitting of the bats,

When thickest dark did trance the sky,

She drew her casement-curtain by,

And glanced athwart the glooming flats.

She only said, "The night is dreary,

He cometh not," she said;

She said, "I am aweary, aweary,

I would that I were dead!"

Upon the middle of the night,

Waking she heard the night-fowl crow:

The cock sung out an hour ere light:

From the dark fen the oxen's low

Came to her: without hope of change,

In sleep she seem'd to walk forlorn,

Till cold winds woke the gray-eyed morn

About the lonely moated grange.

She only said, "The day is dreary,

He cometh not," she said;

She said, "I am aweary, aweary,

I would that I were dead!"

About a stone-cast from the wall

A sluice with blacken'd waters slept,

And o'er it many, round and small,

The cluster'd marish-mosses crept.

Hard by a poplar shook alway,

All silver-green with gnarled bark:

For leagues no other tree did mark

The level waste, the rounding gray.

She only said, "My life is dreary,

He cometh not," she said;

She said "I am aweary, aweary

I would that I were dead!"

All day within the dreamy house,

The doors upon their hinges creak'd;

The blue fly sung in the pane; the mouse

Behind the mouldering wainscot shriek'd,

Or from the crevice peer'd about.

Old faces glimmer'd thro' the doors

Old footsteps trod the upper floors,

Old voices called her from without.

She only said, "My life is dreary,

He cometh not," she said;

She said, "I am aweary, aweary,

I would that I were dead!"

The sparrow's chirrup on the roof,

The slow clock ticking, and the sound

Which to the wooing wind aloof

The poplar made, did all confound

Her sense; but most she loathed the hour

When the thick-moted sunbeam lay

Athwart the chambers, and the day

Was sloping toward his western bower.

Then said she, "I am very dreary,

He will not come," she said;

She wept, "I am aweary, aweary,

Oh God, that I were dead!"